home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
/
Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
/
pc
/
illusion
/
hub_fie.cxt
/
00170_Field_frep32.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1996-12-30
|
3KB
|
82 lines
Left: When an observer looks at
a point P, the two images of P
fall on the foveas F. Q is a point
that is judged by the observer to
be the same distance away as P.
The two images of Q (QL and QR)
are then said to fall on
corresponding points. (The
surface made up of all points Q,
the same apparent distance
away as P, is the horopter
through P.) Right: If Q' appears
closer to the observer than Q,
then the images of Q' (Q'L and
Q'R) will be farther apart on the
retina in a horizontal direction
than they would be if they were
corresponding points. If Q'
appears farther away, Q'L and
Q'R will be horizontally
displaced toward each other.
Suppose an observer fixes
his gaze on a point P. This is
equivalent to saying that he
adjusts his eyes so that the
images of P fall on the foveas, F
(see the left part of the diagram
to the left). Now suppose Q is
another point in space, which
appears to the observer to be the
same distance away as P, and
suppose QL and QR are the
images of Q on the left and right
retinas. Then we say that QL and
QR are corresponding points on
the two retinas. Obviously, the
two foveas are corresponding
points; equally obvious, from
geometry, a point Q' judged by
the observer to be nearer to him
than Q will produce two
noncorresponding images Q'L
and Q'R that are farther apart
than they would be if they were
corresponding (as shown in the
right of the diagram). If you
like, they are outwardly
displaced relative to each
other, compared to the
positions corresponding points
would occupy. Similarly, a
point farther from the observer
will give images closer to each
other (inwardly displaced)
compared to corresponding
points. These statements about
corresponding points are partly
definitions and partly
statements based on geometry,
but they also involve biology,
since they are statements about
the judgements of the observer
concerning what he considers
to be closer or farther than P.
All points that, like Q (and of
course P), are seen as the same
distance away as P are said to
lie on the horopter, a surface
that passes through P and Q and
whose exact shape is neither a
plane nor a sphere but depends
on our estimations of distance,
and consequently on our
brains. The distance from the
foveas F to the images of Q (QL
and QR) are roughly, but not
quite, equal. If they were
always equal, then the horopter
would cut the horizontal plane
in a circle.